Muhammad bin Qasim (may Allah have mercy on him) the conqueror of India.

 Muhammad bin Qasim (may Allah have mercy on him) the conqueror of India.

 (31 December 694- 715)

 Muhammad ibn Qasim's name was Emad-ud-Din Muhammad ibn Qasim al-Thaqafi, who was the cousin and son-in-law of Hajjaj ibn Yusuf.  Muhammad ibn Qasim Malik was working in Persia with great intellect and courage. He was seventeen years old at that time.

 Conquest of India  93 AH

 From Makran lived Arab Muslims in the coastal areas of Sindh who came under the caliphate of Syedna Umar in 23 AH 644 AD. Later they settled in the same coastal areas.  He is buried in Lasbela.  The Arabs traded with India from here and the Arabs had good relations with the kings of India.

 A few Arab traders from Makran went to Sri Lanka for trade. When the Muslims died there, the Raja of Lanka sent his family in eight ships with gifts for the Hajj.  Qadirun reached the shores of Debal where pirates lived.  They seized eight ships, looted all belongings and arrested women, the elderly and children.  The women told the pirates that the money was going to the caliph for the sake of time.  But the looters did not pay any attention to him. One woman said (or Hajjaj Aghsani).  That is, O pilgrims, help us.  O pilgrims, come to our aid.  The survivors who threw themselves into the sea somehow reached Muhammad bin Harun, the governor of Makran, after which he sent a message to Hajjaj bin Yusuf, the governor of Iraq.  And he narrated to them the cry of the woman who said: O pilgrims, come to my aid.

 On hearing this, the pilgrims sent an ambassador to Dahir and wrote to Muhammad ibn Harun that he should accompany the ambassador and send him to Dahir.  So that he can release the captured Muslim women and return the gifts to the capital.  When the ambassador's letter was brought to Dahir by this ambassador, he listened to the letter and wrote an apology that the pirates had looted the ship's cargo and arrested the women.  I am not  They do not understand my government. Now when the pilgrims came to know about this situation, they wrote to Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan to allow the invasion of India but the Caliph did not allow it.  He insisted a lot and asked about the dignity of women, but the caliph gave permission.  Then Hajjaj ibn Yusuf sent Abdullah ibn Nabahan Ismaili to Debal. Here he was defeated and he was martyred.  Then Hajjaj ibn Yusuf wrote to Badil, whose nation was Majali, that he should go to Makran.  Muhammad ibn Harun was ordered to have 3,000 troops ready to march on Sindh.  Abdullah bin Qahtan was ordered to reach there from Oman.  It was replaced by Neron.  On the way from Makran to Badil, an army of Muhammad ibn Harun was found.  Jah Siah, son of Dahir, rushed there for four thousand camel riders.  The fighting started from morning till evening.  Badil's horse ran away in fear but he fell down from the horse and was surrounded by enemies and martyred. Badil gave great courage on the battlefield .

 When the news of the martyrdom of Badil reached the pilgrims, the pilgrims became very sad and ordered the muezzin to remind me of Badil's name when he gave the call to prayer so that I could take revenge.

 Hajjaj ibn Yusuf then sent Muhammad ibn Qasim to Debal and instructed him to stay at Shiraz on the way until all the army reached there.  Pilgrims loaded anti-fortification equipment, catapults, etc. in boats.  Ibn Khuraim deployed Mughira on the ark, and told Muhammad ibn Qasim that he would meet him at Debal.  Pause as soon as you get there.

 Muhammad ibn Qasim reached Makran from there. There he met Muhammad ibn Harun. He went with Muhammad ibn Qasim on foot and Muhammad ibn Qasim made him ride.  Muhammad bin Qasim Armabil left Makran for Lasbela. Muhammad bin Harun, although ill, accompanied him.  But on the way he died in Lasbela and was buried here.

 Muhammad ibn Qasim reached Debal and divided his army into Muqaddah, Saqqa, Maimana, Maysara and Qalb and appointed his officers as very brave and courageous.  On Friday, the deprived 93 AH took arms boats with Khurram bin Mughira and also brought a letter from Hajjaj bin Yusuf.

 

Muhammad ibn Qasim organized all the armies that had reached Manjniq and corrected them under separate knowledge.  There was an idol in Debal with a flag waving on its dome.  From there a Hindu elder came and asked for peace and told Muhammad bin Qasim that it was written in our books that a great army would conquer this Sindh.  The flag on the fort in front, if you give it a little, the Hindus themselves will give up.  On hearing this, Muhammad ibn Qasim ordered the woman of the catapult to break the flag and the fort by signing the catapult.  Then he said, "If I do not break it, cut off my hand."

 Then the fort and the flag were torn down from the catapult. Muhammad bin Qasim found out about the prisoners who had entered the fort and sent them to his camp. Later he sent them to Iraq via Makran.  After the conquest of Debal, Raja Dahar wrote a letter to Muhammad bin Qasim threatening him not to try to move forward.  In response, Muhammad bin Qasim decided to attack the throne of Raja Dahir.  This is where Muhammad bin Qasim founded a mosque and settled the Muslims who had become Hindus.

 Most of the population in Neron (Hyderabad) was Buddhist, but the king of Neron sought peace from the pilgrims. When Muhammad bin Qasim's army reached Neron, he was greeted with great pomp and ceremony.  Islamic Lashkar supplies were also provided.  Muhammad ibn Qasim treated the people of Nero very well.  After conquering Sivastan, Muhammad ibn Qasim advanced towards Raja Dahir, but after receiving orders from Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, he returned to Nero, where a fresh army arrived from Iraq. Raja Dahir thought that Muhammad ibn Qasim had returned.  Muhammad ibn Qasim asked Raja Dahir to accept obedience but he refused with contempt.  Muhammad ibn Qasim crossed the river and reached to meet Raja Dahir.

 

The king set out to fight with five thousand horsemen, twenty thousand infantry and one hundred war elephants.  On the 10th of Ramadan, the two armies go to war.  The king's son was in the heart. The king himself was sitting on a white elephant. Muhammad bin Qasim organized his army in the face of the enemy's large army. He himself remained in the heart of the army.  He appointed Hanzala Kalabi and Zakwan bin Alwan Bakri over Maimana and Maysara and appointed Abu Sabir Hamdani over the elephants.  The oil estimates, which numbered nine hundred, were divided into three different parts and placed at different places. The war began.  In this way he caused the destruction of his own army.  Raja Dahir's elephant also ran away with a duck. Raja Dahir barely escaped and took refuge in the fort of Rawar.  He returned to the battlefield from the fort and was killed.

 After that, Raja Dahar's son had a confrontation with Sindh. He remained locked in the fort, after which he fled to Brahmanabad.

 After that Jay Singh closed the front in Brahmanabad. Later when he asked for peace, he was granted peace.  After Brahmanabad, India was easily conquered.  Muhammad bin Qasim was a young general with the best abilities. After the overthrow of Muhammad bin Qasim, none of his generals was assigned to Sindh to extend the Arab conquests.

 Muhammad ibn Qasim was sent by Salman ibn Abdul Malik to return from India.  He passed away on July 18, 715 AH 95 AH at the age of only 20 years.

 Muhammad Rafiq Mengal