Ayubian Empire

 

                  Ayubian Empire

 The Ayyubid Empire was ruled by a Kurdish Muslim family who ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen, Diyarbakir, Mecca, Hijaz, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries.

 The founder of the Ayubi Empire was Salahuddin Ayubi, whose uncle Sher Koh had conquered Egypt in 1169 as the general of Zangi Sultan Nooruddin Zangi.  The kingdom was named after Najmuddin Ayub, brother of Sher Koh and father of Salahuddin.  Salahuddin overthrew the Fatimid Empire in Egypt and, after the death of Nour al-Din in 1174, captured Damascus and annexed Syria.

 During the Crusades, Salahuddin became famous throughout the world for his great defeat to the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin in 1187, his conquest of Jerusalem, and his subsequent victory in the Third Crusade.  Salahuddin died in 1193 after which the kingdom was divided among his sons and finally in 1200 Salahuddin's brother Al-Adil succeeded in taking possession of the whole kingdom.  The same situation happened again on the death of Al-Adil in 1218 and Al-Kamil in 1238.  In 1250, the last Ayub Sultan Turan Shah was assassinated and his Mamluk slave General Aibak founded the Naval Mamluk Empire.  After the fall of Egypt, the Ayubians continued to resist in Syria for the next 80 years, and finally, in 1334, Syria became a full-fledged Mamluk.

 The Abyssinian sultans of Egypt

 Salahuddin from 1171 to 1193

 Dear 1193 to 1198

 Mansour 1198 to 1200

 Adil 1200 to 1218

 Perfect 1218 to 1238

 Al-Adil II from 1238 to 1240

 Saleh Ayub 1240 to 1249

 Turan Shah 1249 to 1250

 Al-Ashraf II from 1250 to 1254 (The real power was with Mamluk Sultan Aibak)

  The Ayubi Sultans of Damascus

 Salahuddin from 1174 to 1193

 Al-Afzal 1193 to 1196

 Adil 1196 to 1218

 1218 to 1227

 Nasser Dawood 1227 to 1229

 Ashraf 1229 to 1237

 Saleh Ismail 1237

 Perfect 1237 to 1238

 Adil II 1238 to 1239

 Saleh Ayub 1239

 Saleh Ismail 1239 to 1245 (Second time)

 Saleh Ayub 1245 to 1249 (Second time)

 Turan Shah 1249 to 1250

 Nasser Yusuf 1250 to 1260

 Ayubi Amir of Aleppo

 Al-Adel I 1183 to 1186

 Apparently from 1186 to 1216

 Dear 1216 to 1236

 Nasser Yusuf 1236 to 1260

 Ayubi Emir of Yemen

 Great Turan Shah 1173 to 1181

 Dear Taghtgin 1181 to 1197

 Moizuddin Ismail 1197 to 1202

 Nasser Ayub 1202 to 1214

 Al-Muzaffar Sulaiman 1214 to 1215

 Massoud Yusuf from 1215 to 1229